In this paper, recommended spiral passive micromixer was designed and simulated. spiral design has the potential to create and strengthen the centrifugal force and the secondary flow. A series of simulations were carried out to evaluate the effects of channel width, channel depth, the gap between loops, and flowrate on the micromixer performance. These features impact the contact area of the two fluids and ultimately lead to an increment in the quality of the mixture. In this study, for the flow rate of 25 μl/min and molecular diffusion coefficient of 1×10-10 m2/s, mixing efficiency of more than 90% is achieved after 30 (approximately one-third of the total channel length). Finally, the optimized design fabricated using proposed 3D printing method.

Application of the network equivalent concept for external system representation for power system transient analysis is well known. However, the challenge to utilize an equivalent network, approximated by a rational function, is to guarantee the passivity of the corresponding model. In this regard, special TECHNIQUES are required to enforce the passivity of the equivalent model through a post processing approach that minimizes its impact on the original model characteristics. In this paper, the passivity is enforced by expressing the problem in terms of a convex OPTIMIZATION problem that guarantees the global optimal solution. The convex OPTIMIZATION problem is efficiently solved by recently developed numerical interior–point methods. This passivity enforcement is also global which indicates that the passivity enforcement in one region does not lead to passivity violation in other regions.

The raw data obtained in the form of search results may be large for any particular problem, but is often a relatively small subset of the data that are relevant, and a search engine does not enable discovering the necessary subset of relevant text data in a large text collection. In this paper, a solution to a problem called conformity to truth, which studies how to find websites with the maximum amount of true facts, from a large amount of conflicting information on the user-defined topic, is proposed. Two algorithms called ParaSearch and FactFinder, which helps in identifying the best web links for searching general information and finding individual facts respectively are proposed. In ParaSearch, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) is used to identify the top 10 frequent terms using which we further construct a similarity matrix to identify the best web pages. In FactFinder, the usage of semantic processing is done to identify the best web pages, building upon the existing Page Rank Algorithm to further optimize the search results. The results prove that ParaSearch can identify web pages with the maximum number of facts conforming to the truth much better than popular search engines. The ambiguity of the individual facts is decreased to a great extent by using the FactFinder algorithm. Thus these algorithms will increase the accuracy of identifying possible web links for a given search word much better than most of the popular search engines.

Introduction: Orthogonal radial fields are those in which the central axes are perpendicular to each other. An example of these orthogonal fields is the set of craniospinal orthogonal fields that are used for radiotherapy of medulloblastoma. Craniospinal radial fields consist of two parallel-opposed fields for brain exposure and one or two posterior spinal fields for spinal cord exposure. The main problem in using these combinative fields is the overlap of radial fields, where they adjoin. Therefore, adjusting radial fields in craniospinal radiotherapy is of remarkable significance and can outstandingly affect the reduction of the side effects due to radiotherapy. In doing so, two different setups were used for craniospinal radiotherapy, and by using dosimetry in each adjustment in the junction region between brain and upper spine fields and in organs at risk, the results of the two adjustments were compared.Materials and Methods: Each one of these two setups was separately performed on a Rando phantom. In thef setup, the arrangement of radial fields was performed without the rotation of the treatment bed and the collimators of the brain fields. In the second setup, the arrangement of radial fields was performed using the rotation of the treatment bed and the collimators of brain fields. For dosimetry, GR-200 TLDs were used. For radiotherapy, a varian linac (2100 C/D Model) was used.Results: The results of dosimetry in the brain CTV, junction of brain and upper spine fields, thyroid and heart in the first setup were equal to 105, 168, 46 and 44 cGy, respectively, and in second setup, 106, 140, 48 and 44 cGy, respectively. Absorbed dose to the testes in both setups was negligible.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of dosimetry in both setups showed that angling the bed and the collimators for the brain fields prevents the overlap of radial fields and reduces the side effects due to radiotherapy.